How Goal-line Technology Revolutionized Football 

Hussian Mohammed

English Technical Description

4/14/2021 

Table of contexts	Pages
Intro/History	1 And 2
Representation of the game	3 and 4
New Technology	4 and 5
Pictures	6
Bibliography	7

The beautiful game or as the world calls it football is one of the highest international sports in the world. Almost every country has its own league with different teams fighting for number one and obtaining glory. In Spain, it has La Liga, England has the Premier League, and the United States has the MLS. The origin of the sport is a topic that is argued over the ages, some say the first signs of football were in Africa, while others believed it was in China. “Records trace the history of soccer back more than 2,000 years ago to ancient China. Greece, Rome, and parts of Central America also claim to have started the sport; but it was England that transitioned soccer, or what the British and many other people around the world call “football,” into the game we know today (How Soccer Originated, 2021)”.  However, nobody disagrees that the first modernization of the sport came in England with a league consisting of gentlemen. This league was made for the higher class of society (men) to play in the beautiful game and to win trophies. Occasionally local teams made up of factory workers would play in the league to compete against the higher class. This league started the main foundation of how we play the game and how it affected history and why so many people love the beautiful game. However, due to human error football matches would be fixed (rigged), and referees would not count points, despite being in the goal.  Action was needed to make no room for human error, a way for it to be impossible to make a mistake and it would take almost a century for new technology to be added to fix this problem.

In the beginning of modern football in the 1900s, the league regulators and the key  people who started the league played for one team and their title glory was very corrupted as they had the power to change the rules. A local team did the unthinkable and recruited two players from Scotland whose football ideology would change the game forever. “The tactical exposition in The English Game is clunking preposterous, but it’s not without substance: the passing game the northern teams came to favor (in part because they were smaller than their better-fed public-school counterparts and so would have been seriously disadvantaged if they had no way of maneuvering the ball away from physical clashes) was very different to the head-on charging practiced by the game’s progenitors (Wilson, 2020)”. “Pass the ball, move the ball” is the famous phrase used by the top elite coaches of the modern football world today, but it originated 100 years ago. “and it would go on to change, spreading across the world. The English game became the Austrian game, the Hungarian game, the Argentinian game, and, particularly, the Uruguayan game. It became everybody’s game, interpreted differently by every culture that embraced it. (Wilson, 2020)” Football was not just a game to these locals; it was something to look forward to since they grew up in poverty-stricken households. The league originated during the industrial age where new technology was revolutionizing humanity. This does not mean that the lives of people were very happy, most workers would work 10-hour shifts with very little pay and could barely support their own families. It was not just for the rich anymore, if a local poor person has talent and trained, they can become glorious and even help their own dying communities. Teamwork, passing the ball where there is space, and taking advantage of it, make the game so entertaining to anyone that watches. Simple football is the best, but also the hardest to do, and when a team performs like that it shows the passion in the game.

Now the identification of the name would not really matter in most cases, but it is absolutely absurd not calling this a football. The whole sport revolves around your foot and kicking the ball only the goalkeeper is the exception.  The whole world calls it football, however, in American culture, a football would be considered an egg-shaped ball, and it is used by hands. To identify the terms used in soccer it can be very difficult and hard to understand when learning English. A combination of British and American cultures is also seen not only in football but in other sports. The start of major leagues in the United States was because of the influence of British football. However, British football was not a major factor and did not appeal to many Americans as they popularized other sports such as basketball. Americans love to be unique, and you can see that in everything they do. The metric system is still not even in place throughout the United States even though it is the most accurate in science. American with little use of anything to measure something, that building will be about three tractors wide and five tractors up. It is very funny and entertaining to watch and listen to the different methods an American would use to measure something but not use the metric system.

The phrase “The beautiful game” is mentioned a lot when talking about football and that is no coincidence. The excitement of the game brings communities together and shows the true power of a sport. The unpredictability of the game is absolutely breathtaking to watch. Scientists have been studying for both for a long time and concluded there are some things that seem impossible to do become possible. Not one person can fully explain the science behind the game, so the best option is just to sit back and enjoy. Figure 1 represents a football, and the first image that pops up in my head of a football is the classic, Adidas Pentagon pattern. The classic black and white patterns represent the simplicity of other sports behind it. Black and white represent the past because the old technology was not capable of producing color, so in most pictures, we associate black and white images of the past. The soccer ball consists of a magnet that will inform the referee if the ball has passed the line for a goal on his watch. This is a revolutionary breakthrough in soccer history to make the game fairer and even to be played in the professional level. Football has a rich history and will always preserve it for future generations and advance their skills.

Goal-line technology has played a key role in advances in Soccer. “Goal-line technology or GLT is the use of technology to determine if the ball has crossed the goal line or not. The information quickly transmits within a split second to a special watch worn by the referee to ensure immediate response and no forms of interference in the game. GLT is a recent addition to soccer. It was only in July 2012 the International Football Association Board approved the use of goal-line technology provided it does not interfere with the game. As FIFA maintains, the objective of GLT is not to replace the role of the officials, but rather to support them in their decision-making. Because of its high cost, the technology is used only at the highest levels of the game. Other than FIFA World Cups, GLT has used the top European domestic leagues. (Datta, 2018) ” There are many devices required for the placement of the goal-line such as: “Several systems operate with magnetic fields. For these systems, cables are placed underground and around the goal, and the ball has elements of the technology inside. The interaction between the receptors in the ball and the magnetic fields created through the underground cables allow the software to calculate the exact position of the ball and determine when a goal has been scored. (Football Technology, 2013)”

In conclusion, goal line technology was admitted to many professional leagues and has improved the game and made it fairer. However, recently in a world qualifier match, Portugal was tied against Serbia, and during the last couple of minutes Cristiano Ronaldo, a well-known soccer player, scored a last-minute goal against Serbia. “Cristiano Ronaldo was left fuming after his late winner for Portugal was wrongly chalked off in the game against Serbia” (Ajith, 2021). However, the referee did not realize that the ball crossed the line and a Serbian defender slid and cleared the ball. The goal should have stood, and this would have led Portugal one step closer to qualifying for the world cup. However, due to the lack of technology the referee disallowed the goal and the match ended in a draw 2-2. Critics were furious that a world cup qualifier event did not have goal line technology put into place and the Portuguese national team was in disbelief. To keep matches similar to these not repeating GLT was put into place and made the football community more than happy having a fairer game. Technology was created to help humanity and avoid human error. Therefore, playing a key role in allowing for the advancements in not only football but in mankind.

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Bibliography

1. Datta, Anusuya. Location tech and soccer: Goal-line technology is all about precise positioning, 2018, https://www.geospatialworld.net/blogs/goal-line-technology-precise-positioning/#:~:text=Goal%2Dline%20technology%20or%20GLT,of%20interference%20in%20the%20game. Accessed 19 June 2018.

• Fellowes, Julian, creator. The English Game. Netflix, 2020.

• FIFATV. “FIFA QUALITY PROGRAMME FOR GOAL-LINE TECHNOLOGY.” FOOTBALL TECHNOLOGY, Fifa, 2013, https://football-technology.fifa.com/en/media-tiles/fifa-quality-programme-for-goal-line-technology/. Accessed 5 December 2013.

• Wilson, Jonathan. “The English Game.” https://www.theguardian.com/football/blog/2020/apr/04/the-english-game-netflix, 2020. Accessed 4 April 2020.

• Wood, Robert. “Soccer History Timeline.” Topend Sports Website, 2021, https://www.topendsports.com/sport/soccer/history.htm. Accessed 13 4 2021.
• Sportskeeda. “Referee offers apology to Cristiano Ronaldo and Portugal over disallowed goal against Serbia.” Serbia v Portugal – FIFA World Cup 2022 Qatar Qualifier, Shambhu Ajith, 2021, https://www.sportskeeda.com/football/news-referee-offers-apology-cristiano-ronaldo-portugal-disallowed-goal-serbia#:~:text=Referee%20offers%20apology%20to%20Cristiano%20Ronaldo%20and%20Portugal%20over%20disallowed%20goal%20against%20Serbia,-Modified%2030%2. Accessed 30 March 2021.

Reflection Technical description

April 30, 2021

The technical description essay touched upon many points from the origins of football, and how it has progressed over time. I have been playing soccer for almost 15 years and it has been a true passion of mine as a young child. My love for football has grown exponentially and it has motivated me to become a football coach today. It inspires and motivates me every day to see young children have a love for football just as I did. The audience I was reaching out to is you, the professor.  The genre used throughout the paper is informational, which is in regard to a specific topic being football. The main purpose of the technical description essay was to discuss the positive impact of goal line technology in football, and how it prevents human error from occurring.

The tone of my paper was very optimistic, and serious while discussing different factors of football. The purpose of my paper was also to educate the audience/reader on goal line technology, since it is rarely spoken about. The setting touched upon various countries and how they are trying to incorporate goal line technology in their leagues. Since football is a popular sport played amongst many people, football experts are always on the search for new technological advances to better the accuracy of games.

This particular assignment helps me achieve the course learning outcomes in various ways. Since I am very passionate and intrigued by football, researching about this topic was a breeze for me. My academic skills in drafting, revising, and editing have greatly improved over the span of a couple of months. I even learned how to properly cite sources after completing my research.

The faults of Schultz

In Howard’s Schultz Starbuck’s Memo, the writing structure lacked a clear understanding of literature organization and was not appropriate for technical writing. First his introduction was a brief small topic sentence that lacked a clear context of what he is writing about and did not define the “FY 08 Planning process”. Furthermore, the lengths of the paragraphs are very displeasing as they are not proportional, one sentence was a paragraph and one big, long body containing more than 9 sentences is a paragraph. According to David Murry who wrote “Structure and Flow are Everything” paragraph length only occurs when there’s a slight shift in the topic, if not doing so there will be no “clarity and comprehension” in any piece of technical writing. Schultz transitions and chronological organization is all over the place throughout his piece of writing and will need to do way better if he writes to a Starbuck’s CEO or any position of power in the Starbuck’s industry.

Community Needs Cleaning

Dear, Eric Adams

The Problem

Hello, my name is Hussian Mohammed and I have lived in the King’s county area since I was in first grade. The majority of my childhood was being raised here and it is filled with so many fond memories that I can never forget. However, I am writing today because I have an issue concerning the community that I live in with my fellow neighbors and would like to address this topic with you. Everyone can agree with me that nobody likes the displeasing sight and smell of waste in their neighborhood. This has been a consistent issue within my community, for the past couple of years.  

Context

Garbage and waste have been filling this community with displeasure, which leads to the infestation of many dirty rodents and harmful insects. This is a major problem that needs to be solved because it is affecting many community members that have families and want to keep them safe especially during this unprecedented time when we all are battling the deadly virus known to mankind as Covid-19. In the article called Household Garbage written by Calvet da Silvera, he writes “The relationship between environment and health was primarily seen as the presence of open sewage, with accumulated or scattered garbage coming second” (Abstract,2012). The public ignores the harmful toxins and waste on their streets because it is something that they do not pay attention too. The budgeting issue has been a problem worldwide especially in the United States, I also understand governments are looking for ways to find money to help rebuild the communities. Economical wise with the unemployment rates being sky high, the creation of new jobs in sanitation, or the creation of other cleaning teams of local communities will lead to new jobs, that will benefit my community in becoming prosperous. 

Experience

            My experience with garbage waste is very shocking, the abnormal amount of waste in my own community is purely disgusting. One day I was walking home from work and it was very late at night around 11 pm. Then suddenly a strange horrific smell of mixed garbage was illuminating from the streets and created a scent so dreadful my nose was thankful that there is a mask covering my face. This continuous stinky smell was on the scent of many streets throughout the radius of my house in the Kings county in Brooklyn. At that moment I wanted change, because the streets are dirty, we need to clean it up, because it is our home.

Resolution

Solving this problem can also help alleviate the Covid-19 problems since having cleaner streets, can also slow the spread of the virus. For example, South Korea had an efficient plan on slowing the spread of not only coronavirus, but other harmful bacteria’s, or viruses affecting the country. South Korea had a cleaning team, who put more effort into cleaning areas that are more urbanized and disinfecting their streets. Statistics have shown that South Korea has one of the least numbers of COVID-19 cases as of today. Their methods of cleaning helped to not only slow the spread of this deadly virus but also saved many lives from catching the virus. We should learn and replicate nations that are succeeding to clean our streets. The federal government of South Korea could not provide all of their attention on all of the streets in the nation, but they relied on the local communities to perform and disinfect their own streets and this huge scale organized operation allowed a better, safer, and cleaner place for a majority of streets in South Korea.

This is why I am writing my concerns to you and putting efforts to have an emphasis on cleaning my community. In doing so, others will follow creating a domino effect of cleaner streets not only in my community but others. On the last note, I appreciate everything that you have done, and I hope you take this concern of mine into great consideration as it can help save lives, and also boost your reputation. 

Sincerely,

Hussian Mohammed

Resources

1. https://web-a-ebscohost-com.ccny-proxy1.libr.ccny.cuny.edu/ehost/detail/detail?vid=3&sid=81fa1451-d61b-4a2e-af93-faa087f8f81d%40sessionmgr4007&bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWhvc3QtbGl2ZQ%3d%3d#db=ccm&AN=108098097
2. https://www.cidrap.umn.edu/news-perspective/2020/12/south-korea-among-several-nations-eyeing-lockdowns

Memo Reflection

In my Memo I discussed the excess amount of garbage and trash in my neighborhood because it was extremely disgusting and needed to be addressed to a person of position. I was motivated and passionate to write about this since this is my home and my character as a person is very clean and I hate dirty conditions. When streets are clean it is more presentable and could even increase the economy of any local community from tourism, for example a person eating at a local restaurant. The audience is Eric Adams which is a someone in high position in the Kings county area which is my area.

            The topic and genre are discussed all throughout my Memo as I used repetition with the words waste and garbage. In my introduction and context, the topics are addressed and showing the problem. The purpose was discussed in the concluding part of my Memo because I was writing to him so he can follow my solutions. My purpose was to show the problem, and making my audience realize the problem and give them responsibility to fix it. The tone was not really discussed throughout my Memo. My emotions were trying to show the tone as disgust, but I did not address the tone head on. The setting and context were prevalent in the beginning part of my Memo, as I discussed my community and the area. However, the settings changed throughout my essay due to the fact I was comparing other communities in countries with my own.

My reflection is very organized in paragraphs and each section has its own bold heading to show the topic being discussed in the paragraph underneath. It shows my depth and understanding of organization and separates my problem, context, experience, and solution. My reflection does adhere to the conventions of academic writing, but I have still a lot to improve on. I went to a very shitty high school that never challenged my academic writing ability and have been catching up in college ever since. I am taking this class to maximize and improve my ability in writing and to write well thought out papers that can help me in the future. My reflections do not use appropriate mechanics and grammar and I have always been having trouble with this. I have been struggling with grammar issues because I have not always lived in the United States, but I am always looking to improve and use the appropriate language in my writing.

This particular did in fact help me achieve the course learning outcomes and expanded my knowledge in reading and writing. For reading, it helped me annotate other people’s point of views and differentiate the similarities and differences with my own. It made me revise myself and the importance of a draft since it can gather my thoughts and organize them accordingly in the final essay. With writing it helps me purvey my ideas more clearly/effectively which helps the audience as they know what I am talking about. This Memo helped me use my resources from the database, but I only used two, I have still a lot to work on with providing resources. I do know where to look for resources though and this should help me find more in the future.

Language is what made humanity advance more than any other creature that has ever lived on planet earth. As humanity advanced from small villages into cities, writing advanced as well, the first cuneiform was created in Mesopotamia, now modern-day Iraq. For me, writing is in my blood, as a modern-day Iraqi, I am proud to be reading, writing frequently, and always expanding my knowledge on how to be better. This is where taking this class “Writing for Engineers”, helped me develop my writing skills from moderate to advanced. One important lesson from taking this class is how to captivate on putting more emotions on a technical writing piece, instead of being bland and just logical boring math. There are also many other factors to consider in writing a technical piece of paper and this will be mentioned throughout this paper on my theory of writing.

Having a paper organized is one of the best ways to improve any writing, organization can take a paper from a five out of ten to a nine. A particular favorite of mine is chronological order which flows a paper like a history textbook. There are also other forms of organization such as to cause and effect, comparing and contrast, problem to solution. An expert writer utilizes his style into a type of organization to make his piece a cleverer thought-out paper or story. The organization makes the rhythm sound better in writing and also creates a smooth flow with transitions making your audience’s eyes happy. Speaking of audience, an expert writer knows who his audience is is and writes in relation to please the audience.

Knowing the audience is also very important to the theory of writing since it creates different styles for different people. The expression wrong time and place can also be used in writing, such as putting a slang word in a professional writing piece. Imagine writing a letter to a CEO of a corporation and having major grammar errors, nobody will take the letter seriously. The whole point of writing is for someone to read it, whether it is to yourself, spouse, family, friends, coworkers, professors, students. Choosing the appropriate words is extremely necessary when considering the audience. For this paper, my audience is my professor, a very intelligent woman, who will tackle me on any grammar mistake and will vomit on any bad transition I do. She is of course the head chef of the grammar police, “but laws are meant to be enforced because if they are not then they have no meaning at all” (Hussian Mohammed 2021).

Personally, throughout this semester I have tremendously evolved in my writing and became a much mature writer. One of my major weaknesses was citing my sources in the appropriate matter. My confusion at the start of the semester of using the APA format was my downfall. I did not really understand how to do it, but through practices from each essay, it finally hit me on how to do it. Hussian Mohammed is more of a free writer so to add on and collide with other writers is a major challenge for me. Writing about how my thoughts and how their thoughts collide, the similarities in everything and differences, and on top of all of that maintain a common theme was very difficult. Then it hit me instead of just free-flow writing, first brainstorm a theme and work with that, then relate everything to the theme of my paper, my critical thinking, and others. With that realization, my writing became more like a smart mature future engineer than I ever was.

The theory of writing has rules and its own set of laws that we must follow in order to improve our writings to be the very best and top quality. To end everything off, in order for any person to improve on writing one important factor has to always come in place. That is being curious and having a passion for what you will be writing about. If the individual is not passionate or not interested, it will show in the writing and it will not ever be the best piece that they could have written. Writing for Engineers showed me that writing is goddamn difficult, and it can take hours to even come up with a couple of sentences. However, it is the passion and the excitement to see what you can come up with that truly pushes through. Following the theory of writing rules and laws help us become much better writers. Thank you, Professor, for having me in this class!!